SysAdminGear

Edit bashrc:
# nano /etc/bashrc

And add some aliases to it:

alias somescript="/path/to/script/excutable/script"
alias l="ls -l"
alias ns="netstat -lpn"
alias sqldir="cd /var/lib/mysql"
alias home="cd /home/"

Now you just need to write the alias name on command line on SSH to execute the full command.

What is SWAP?
"Swap space in Linux is used when the amount of physical memory (RAM) is full. If the system needs more memory resources and the physical memory is full, inactive pages in memory are moved to the swap space. While swap space can help machines with a small amount of RAM, it should not be considered a replacement for more RAM. Swap space is located on hard drives, which have a slower access time than physical memory.

Swap space can be a dedicated swap partition (recommended), a swap file, or a combination of swap partitions and swap files.

The size of your swap space should be equal to twice your computer's RAM, or 32 MB, whichever amount is larger, but no more than 2048 MB (or 2 GB)."

Font

You need more SWAP? You can use this trick, you can create a file with some filesize (no more tan 2GB) and use it to get additional SWAP.

Login as root tou your server using ssh.
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap-file bs=1024 count=filezie_you_want
# mkswap /usr/swap-file
# swapon /usr/swap-file
# swapon -s

Edit /etc/fstab:
#nano /etc/fstab
And add this:
/usr/swap-file swap swap defaults 0 0

To check free SWAP use:
# free -m

cPanel offers a program wrapper, cPAddons for integrating 3rd party software with cPanel.

You can get more information at:
http://www.cpanel.net/docs/cpaddons/

Do you want to remove Tomcat from cPanel?

Login as root to your server using ssh

Stop Tomcat process:
# /usr/sbin/stoptomcat

Remove the next files:
# rm -f /usr/sbin/starttomcat
# rm -f /usr/sbin/startomcat
# rm -f /usr/sbin/stoptomcat

To finish, you should remove all mod_jk lines from httpd.conf, including addmodule, loadmodule, and include line.

If SpamAssassin is not working on your cPanel 11 server, you should be able to fix it.

Login as root tou your server using ssh.

Ensure that each module gets carried over to the update Perl version using the "autobundle" CPAN feature:
# perl -MCPAN -e 'autobundle'

You should have the the following output, make a note of this:
'Wrote bundle file /home/.cpan/Bundle/Snapshot_2007_11_11_00.pm'

Update to Perl 5.8.8:
# cd /root
# wget http://layer1.cpanel.net/perl588installer.tar.gz
# tar -zxf perl588installer.tar.gz
# cd perl588installer
# ./install

Restore all the previously installed modules from the CPAN bundle that was created by executing:
# perl -MCPAN -e 'install Bundle::Snapshot_2007_11__00'

All modules required by cPanel 11 should be now installed, check it:
# /usr/local/cpanel/bin/checkperlmodules

Restart cPanel:
# /usr/local/cpanel/startup

It should be fine now

cPanel 11 version includes support for RBL ( RBL is an abbreviation for "Real-time Blackhole List") support what means that you can block a good part of spam without modifing configuration files.

How to enable RBL support:

Login to WHM -> Exim Configuration Editor (here you can enable spamhaus and or spamcop)

These reasons can be positive points to Firefox:

- It is not integrated with Windows, which helps prevent viruses and hackers from causing damage if they somehow manage to compromise Firefox.
- There is no support for VBScript and ActiveX, two technologies which are the reasons for many IE security holes.
- No spyware/adware software can automatically install in Firefox just by visiting a web site.
- Firefox doesn't use Microsoft's Java VM
- Complete control over cookies.

Note: you need to get a license from RVSiteBuilder website.

Installing RVSiteBuilder:
# cd /usr/local/cpanel/whostmgr/docroot/cgi/
# rm -f rvsitebuilderinstaller.tar
# wget http://download.rvglobalsoft.com/rvsitebuilderinstaller.tar
# tar -xvf rvsitebuilderinstaller.tar
# chmod 755 addon_rvsitebuilder.cgi

Now open WHM, ->> Add-ons section ->> RVSiteBuilder Installer menu. Click RVSiteBuilder Installer to begin the installation process.

"BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is the most commonly used DNS server on the Internet, especially on Unix-like systems, (...)" ( Font )

Cpanel as other webhost panels uses it to manage DNS. For security reasons, you can hide BIND version.

How to do it?

Login as root to your sever.

Edit named.conf configuration:
# nano /etc/named.conf

If you find a options function add this line to it:
version "some version";

If that function does not exist, just add it:
options {version "some version";};

Save and Exit

Restart your BIND service to take the change.
# /etc/init.d/named restart

If you are running cPanel / WHM you can find in /scripts folder on your server a large number of scripts that you can use to manage your server. This list shows a description of each script.

adddns - Adds a DNS zone.
addfpmail - Add frontpage mail extensions to all domains without them.
addfpmail2 -Add frontpage mail extensions to all domains without them.
addnetmaskips - Add the netmask 255.255.255.0 to all IPs that have no netmask.
addnobodygrp - Adds the group nobody and activates security.
addpop - Add a Pop Account.
addservlets - Add JSP support to an account (requires tomcat).
addstatus - (Internal use never called by user).
adduser - Add a user to the system.
admin - Run WHM Lite.
apachelimits - Add rlimits to Apache
betaexim - Installs the latest version of exim.
biglogcheck - looks for logs nearing 2 gigabytes in size
bsdcryptoinstall - Installs crypto on FreeBSD.
bsdldconfig - Configures the proper lib directories in FreeBSD.
bsdpkgpingtest - Tests the connection speed for downloading FreeBSD packages.
buildbsdexpect - Install expect on FreeBSD.
buildeximconf - Rebuilds exim.conf.
buildpostgrebsd-dev - Installs postgresql on FreeBSD.
checkbadconf - Checks /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf for bad users.
checkbsdgroups - Checks and repairs proftpd ownership on FreeBSD.
checkccompiler - Checks to make sure the C compiler works on your system.
checkfpkey - Checks for the FrontPage suid key
checkgd - Checks to see if GD is built.
checkinterchange - (Internal use).
checklibssl - Checks to make sure the proper libssl symlinks exist.
checkmaxclients - Checks to see if apache has reached the maximum clients allowed.
checkoldperl - Checks to see if the version of Perl on your system is old.
checkrsync - Checks to make sure rsync is up to date.
checksuexecpatch - Checks to see if mailman has been patched for suexec.
checksuspendpages - Checks to see if suspend pages are properly named.
checkup2date - Makes sure up2date is set up properly (RedHat)
checkyum - Makes sure yum is set up properly.
chkpaths - Makes sure /usr/sbin/chown has a symlink to /bin/chown
chownpublichtmls - Change ownership of all users web space to them, which is useful for converting to suexec. Files owned by nobody are deleted.
chpass - Change password.
ckillall - Allows you to kill a process (used like killall).
ckillall2 - Allows you to kill a process.
cleanbw - Cleans up old bandwidth logs.
cleandns8 - Clean up named.conf.
cleangd - Cleans up old GD installs and reinstalls GD
cleanmd5 - Fix CPAN md5 problems.
cleanmsglog - cleans exim's msglog
cleanupmysqlprivs - Cleans up improper mySQL privileges.
compilers - Disables the usage of compilers for unprivileged users.
convert2maildir - Converts mail from mbox to maildir format and installs courier impap and pop (cpimap is removed).
courierup - Updates/Installs Courier
cpbackup - Runs backups.
distupgrade - Upgrades RedHat to the newest version (for testing only)
dnscluster - Enables DNS clustering.
dnsqueuecron - Adds a cron job to dump the DNS queue.
dnstransfer - Only if the server has a DNS master (sync with DNS master).
downgradefp - Downgrades FrontPage Extensions (to 5.0-0)
dropmysqldb - Drops a mySQL database.
easyapache - Upgrade Apache
editquota - Change a users quota.
enablechkservdwebmail - Enable service checking of webmaild.
enablefileprotect - Protects home directories if file protection is built in apache.
ensurepkg - Installs a FreeBSD package.
ensurerpm - Installs a rpm.
exim3 - Installs exim 3.
exim4 - Installs exim 4.
exim4-rh73test - Installs exim release #260. (RedHat only)
eximcron - Creates a cron job for exim_tidy_db.
eximlocalsend - Enables/Disables exim local sending.
exim_tidydb - Cleans the exim message log.
eximup - Installs/Updates exim.
fetchgd - Includes libg.so.
findhacks - Search for common Trojan Horses.
findoddrootprocesses - Lists root processes that may need to be checked out.
findphpversion - Check to see if your php version file is up to date.
findtrojans - Exhaustive Trojan Horse search.
fixallcartswithsuexec - Fixes permissions on carts when using suexec.
fixallinterchangeperm - Fixes permissions on all users' Interchange Shopping Carts.
fixbinpath - Makes sure all bin file paths are correct.
fixbuggynamed - Updates bind to solve any problems with bugs.
fixcommonproblems - Attempt to fix the most common problems.
fixetchosts - Fixes problems with /etc/hosts
fixeverything - Fix common problems and quotas.
fixfpwml - Fix for .wml errors with frontpage.
fixheaders - Run if nothing compiles errors with .h files on compile.
fixinterchange - Reinstall interchange Perl modules.
fixinterchangeperm - fix permissions on a user's interchange cart.
fixipsnm - Same as addnetmask ips, but Perl though.
fixlibnet - Reinstall Bundle::libnet (Perl).
fixlocalhostwithphp - Change /etc/hosts to work better with PHP 4.2.0 + MySQL.
fixmailman - Updates and restarts mailman.
fixmailmanwithsuexec -
fixmuse - Reinstalls muse.
fixmysql - Fixes problems with mySQL.
fixmysqlbsd - Fixes problesm with mySQL on FreeBSD.
fixnamed - Updates bind to handle many DNS zones (more than 512).
fixndc - Repair redhat's broken named.conf on 7.2.
fixoldlistswithsuexec - Run after enabling suexec on the server to change the URLs that Mailman gives out to ones that don't give a 500 internal server error.
fixperl - Symlink /usr/local/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl.
fixperlscript - Makes sure a perlscript includes all corresponding modules.
fixpop - Fix a POP account and reset password.
fixproftpdconf - Fixes problems with /usr/local/etc/proftpd.conf
fixproftpddupes - Updates proftpd.
fixquotas - Fix quotas.
fixrndc - Fixes named.conf to prevent rndc staus failed.
fixspamassassinfailedupdate - Reinstalls a failed spamassassin update.
fixsubdomainlogs - Run if subdomain logs don't show up in cPanel.
fixsuexeccgiscripts - Fix CGI scripts that are broken after suexec installed.
fixvaliases - Fix permisions on valiases.
fixwebalizer - Repair a Webalizer that has stopped updating.
fp3 - Updates the fpexe3 patch.
fpanonuserpatch - Updates FrontPage extensions to include the anonymous user patch.
ftpcheck - Checks for FTPSSL.
ftpquaotacheck - Runs quota checking for all ftp users.
ftpup - Updates your ftp server.
fullhordereset - Resets Horde and displays the current Horde password.
futexfix - Fixes problesm with futex.
futexstartup - Starts futex.
gcc3 - Installs gcc-3.3.3
gencrt - Generate a .crt and .csr file.
grpck - Checks to see if grpck is working properly.
hdparmify - Enable dma/irq/32bit HD access, which speeds up IDE drives.
hdparmon - Turns on hdparm.
initacls - Mounts your file systems with ACL support (make sure your kernel supports ACLs)
initfpsuexec - Enable FrontPage suexec support.
initquotas - Turn on quota support on new drives.
initsslhttpd - Make sure HTTP starts with SSL.
initsuexec - Turn on suexec support if suexec is installed.
installcgipm - Installs CGI.pm
installdbi - Install Bundle::DBD::mysql.
installfpfreebsd - Installs FrontPage 5 Extensions on FreeBSD.
installfpgentoo - Installs FrontPage on Gentoo.
installgd - Builds GD.
installpkg - Installs a FreeBSD package.
installpostgres - Installs PostrgeSQL.
installrpm - Installs a rpm.
installspam - Install SpamAssassin.
installssl - Add a SSL vhost.
installzendopt - Install zend optimzer.
installzendopt-freebsd - Install zend optimizer on a freebsd machine.
isdedicatedip - Checks an ip to see if it is dedicated.
killacct - Delete an account.
killbadrpms - Security script that kills insecure RPMs from the server.
killdns - Delete a DNS zone.
killdrrootvhost - Removes the document root for a virtual host.
killndbm - Remove the broken NDBM_File module from 7.2.
killpvhost - Removes a virtual host from proftpd.conf.
killspamkeys - Removes a spam key.
killsslvhost - Removes a SSL entry for a virtual host.
killvhost - Delete a vhost.
listcheck - Checks mailing lists for issues.
listproblems - Lists common problems.
listsubdomains - List subdomains.
mailperm - Fix almost any mail permission problem.
mailscannerupdate - Updates MailScanner
mailtroubleshoot - Guided mail fix.
makecpphp - Installs php.
makesecondary - Part of DNS transfer.
manualupcp - Updates cPanel manually.
md5crypt - Encrypts a password into MD5.
mseclocal - Sets up Mandrake's msec to allow exim to run as mailnull.
mysqladduserdb - Create a MySQL databse and user.
mysqlconnectioncheck - Attempts to connect to MySQL, restarts SQL if necessary.
mysqldeluserdb - Delete a MySQL database and user.
mysqlpasswd - Change MySQL password.
mysqlrpmpingtest - Checks your connection speed for downloading mySQL rpms.
mysqlup - Updates mySQL.
ndbmcheck - Checks to see if the nbdm module is loaded (kills in RedHat 7.2)
netftpsslpatch - Patches FTPSSL.pm.
newexim - Installs the latest version of exim.
nofsck - Make fsck always use -y
nomodattach - Removes mod_attach from httpd.conf.
nomodauthmysql -Removes mod_auth_mysql from httpd.conf.
nomodbwprotect - Removes mod_bwportect from httpd.conf.
nomodgzipconfmods - Removes mod_gzip from httpd.conf.
nomodperl - Removes mod_perl from httpd.conf.
oldaddoncgi2xaddon - Updates old addons to X addons.
park - Parks a domain.
patcheximconf - Fixes exim.conf.
perlinstaller - Installs perl.
phpini - Create a php.ini file.
pingtest - Checks your download time from cPanel mirrors.
pkgaccount-ala - backs up an Alab*nza account for transfer.
pkgacct-ciXost - backs up a ci*ost account for transfer.
pkgacct-dXm - backs up a d*m account for transfer.
pkgacct-enXim - backs up an en*im account for transfer.
pkgacct-pXa - backs up a p*a account for transfer.
proftpd128 - Installs proftpd-1.2.8.
ptycheck - Fixes permissoins on /dev/ptmx.
pwck -Verifies the integrity of system authentication information.
quickkernel - Updates your kernel.
quicksecure - Quickly kill useless services.
rebuildcpanelsslcrt - Rebuilds the cPanel SSL Certificate.
rebuildcpusers - Rebuilds /var/cpanel/users.
rebuildetcpasswd - Rebuilds /etc/passwd.
rebuildeximbsd - Rebuilds exim on FreeBSD.
rebuildhttpdconffromproftpd - Rebuild httpd.conf from the proftpd.conf file.
rebuildinterchangecfg - Used after moving a domain with Interchange to the server.
rebuildnamedconf - Restore named.conf from files in /var/named.
rebuildproftpd - Restore proftpd.conf from httpd.conf.
reinstallmailman - Reinstalls mailman.
relocatevartousr - Relocates files from /var to /usr in case of disk space issues.
remdefssl - Remove default SSL vhost.
reseteximtodefaults - Resets exim's default settings.
resetimappasswds - Resets all imap passwords.
resetquotas - Change quotas to what they should be .
restartsrv - Restart a service.
restartsrv_apache - Restart apache.
restartsrv_bind - Restart bind.
restartsrv_clamd - Restart clamd.
restartsrv_courier - Restart courier imap.
restartsrv_cppop - Restart cppop.
restartsrv_entropychat - Restart entropy chat.
restartsrv_exim - Restart exim.
restartsrv_eximstats - Restart exim statistics.
restartsrv_ftpserver - Restart your ftp server.
restartsrv_httpd - Restart httpd.
restartsrv_imap - Restart impad.
restartsrv_inetd - Restart inetd.
restartsrv_interchange - Restart Interchange Shopping Cart.
restartsrv_melange - Restart melange chat.
restartsrv_mysql - Restart mysqld.
restartsrv_named - Restart named.
restartsrv_postgres - Restart postgresql.
restartsrv_postgresql - Restart postgresql.
restartsrv_proftpd - Restart proftpd.
restartsrv_pureftpd - Restart pure-ftpd.
restartsrv_spamd - Restart spamd.
restartsrv_sshd - Restart sshd.
restartsrv_syslogd - Restart syslogd.
restartsrv_tomcat - Restart tomcat.
restartsrv_xinetd - Restart xinetd.
restoremail - Restores a user's mail.
reswhostmgr - Restart whostmgr.
rpmup - Upgrade redhat/mandrake errata/security.
rrdtoolinstall - Installs RRD Tool.
runstatsonce - Runs statistics (should be used from the crontab).
runweblogs - Run analog/webalizer/etc. for a user.
safeperlinstaller - Installs perl safely.
safeup2date - Runs up2date safely.
safeyum - Runs yum safely.
secureit - Remove unnecessary suid binaries.
securemysql - Attempts to secure the MySQL configuration.
securetmp - Adds securetmp to system startup.
setupfp - Install FrontPage 3 on an account.
setupfp4 - Install FrontPage 4 (2000) installer on an account.
setupfp5 - Install FrontPage 5 (2002) installer on an account.
setupfp5.nosueuxec - Install FrontPage 5 (2002) installer on an account when not using suexec.
showexelist - Shows exe processes.
simpleps - Display the process list.
smartcheck - Checks hard drive integrity.
smtpmailgdionly - Enables SMTP Mail Protection.
spamboxdisable - Disables SpamAssassin's spambox delivery for all accounts.
suspendacct - Suspends an account.
sysup - update cPanel RPMs.
unlimitnamed - Installs the latest version of bind patched to support greater than 512 ips on the server.
unblockip - Unblocks an IP blocked by portsentry.
unsetupfp4 - Removes FrontPage 4 or 5 from an account.
unslavenamedconf - If the user accidentally sets a DNS master as local server, this will repair named.conf after the loop.
unsuspendacct - Unsuspends an account.
upcp - Updates cPanel.
updated - Updates /scripts.
updatefrontpage - Updates FrontPage
updatenow - Updates /scripts NOW.
updatephpconf - Updates PHP configuration files.
whoowns - Finds out who owns a domain.
wwwacct - Creates an account.
xaddonreport - Reports the current addon scripts installed.

This is probably the simply way to backup data to other server using a secure protocoal an minimum bandwidh.

Note:
BckServer.com - Is the backup server
Server1.com - Is the server you want to backup

Login to the server you want to backup

1. Creating a key with the ssh-keygen utility:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' (these are two single quotes)

2. Copy RSA encryption key to the backup server:
# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub username@BckServer.com:keys/server1
# ssh username@BckServer.com mergekeys

Now you can backup a folder without prompting for a password:
# rsync -avz -e ssh /etc/folder username@BckServer.com :folder_on_server1

Rsync configuration Examples:

Back up entire server:
rsync -avz --exclude=/proc -e ssh / username@bckserver.com:folder_on_server1

Back up home directories:
rsync -avz -e ssh /home username@bckserver.com:folder_on_server1

Back up specific users:
rsync -avz -e ssh ~user1 ~user2 ~user3 username@bckserver.com:folder_on_server1

Put it on crontab:
# nano /etc/crontab

Add this line:
13 3 * * * root rsync -avz -e ssh /home username@bckserver.com:folder_on_server1

Save and Exit :)

If you get this error on cPanel login screen:

"Unactivated License File"

You should be able to fix it running the next script:

# /usr/local/cpanel/cpkeyclt

This post is a mini how to, and will help to simply install cPanel on you VPS server. Note that cPanel needs 128 MB to work, but we recommend 256MB.

- Login to your VZMC to get inside your server

- Create a new VPS with the Sample Ve Config call vps.cpanel

- Now you should select the ips you want to use in that VPS and the dns servers.

- Select RedHat Enterprise Template (you dont need to select any addon for cpanel), and select the Space / Memory / CPU

- Put Start on boot and the rest of the normal sett use unlimited VPs.

Using ssh, run this commands:
# mkdir /home/cpanel
# cd /home/cpanel
# wget http://layer1.cpanel.net/latest
# sh latest

Now is time to setup your server:
Login to cpanel WHM using:
https://SERVERIP:2087

You can read more cpanel documentation ( http://www.cpanel.net/docs.htm ) and find good information about in this blog :)

If you get "User 0 set for local_delivery transport is on the never_users list" error on exim_paniclog, you can try to fix it.

How to Fix:
# ln -s libdb2.so.3 libdb.so.3
# /scripts/eximup --force
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/exim restart

Read More:
http://forums.cpanel.net/showthread.php?p=135790

You can get mysql dump in .sql format, just read it:

Go to /var/lib/mysql:
# cd /var/lib/mysql

Search for the database that you want:
# ls -l grep database_name

Dump it:
# mysqldump database_name > database.sql

If you want to restore on the same or other server:
# cd /var/lib/mysql

Check the database name where you want to restore the mysqldump:
# ls -l grep db_name
# mysql database_name <>database.sql

Fantastico is an autoinstaller for cPanel servers. It provides to end users the ability to quickly install dozens of the leading open source content management systems into their web space.
Is easy to install it, just read the instructions and you will have it installed..

You should login to your server as root.

Download Fantastico:
# cd /usr/local/cpanel/whostmgr/docroot/cgi
# wget -N http://files.betaservant.com/files/free/fantastico_whm_admin.tgz
# tar -xzpf fantastico_whm_admin.tgz
# rm -rf fantastico_whm_admin.tgz

Now you should login to WHM:
WHM > Add-Ons > Fantastico De Luxe WHM Admin and continue the rest of the installation.

Fantastico should be fine now.

To enable Horde spell checker facility you should install certain components. Login to your Linux server via SSH as root.

Install aspell by running it:
# yum -y install aspell aspell-en-gb

It should be fine now, Horde should automatically detect the ASPELL installation.

What is ASPELL:
"GNU Aspell is a Free and Open Source spell checker designed to eventually replace Ispell. It can either be used as a library or as an independent spell checker. Its main feature is that it does a superior job of suggesting possible replacements for a misspelled word than just about any other spell checker out there for the English language. Unlike Ispell, Aspell can also easily check documents in UTF-8 without having to use a special dictionary. Aspell will also do its best to respect the current locale setting. Other advantages over Ispell include support for using multiple dictionaries at once and intelligently handling personal dictionaries when more than one Aspell process is open at once." ( Source )

What is ImageMagick?

ImageMagick is a software suite for image manipulation and display, supporting close to 100 image formats, it is mainly used to perform various transformation and conversion operations on images.


How To Install ImageMagick:

Get and uncompress ImageMagick:
# wget ftp://ftp.imagemagick.org/pub/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
# gunzip -c ImageMagick.tar.gz tar xvf -

Configure and compile ImageMagick:
# cd ImageMagick-6.x.x
# ./configure make

As root you can install it:
# make install

You can test is using thata command:
# /usr/local/bin/convert logo: logo.gif